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FILE NO. 08.31 5 specimens · est. 1422-1897

What happened on August 31?

Real photographs, all filed under this date. Name each event before you read on.
Case Timeline 1422-1897 · 475 years
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What happened on August 31

All 5 specimens from this file, spanning 1422 to 1897, with the story behind each photograph.

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  1. Medieval profile portrait of a young king in a dark cap and red and gold robes, hands raised in prayer.
    History · 1422

    Henry V dies, leaving a nine-month-old baby as King of England

    Henry V, victor of Agincourt, died of dysentery on campaign in France at 35. The crown passed to his son Henry VI, then nine months old and still the youngest person ever to become King of England.

  2. Victorian newspaper front page densely packed with engraved illustrations of police, bloodhounds and crowded street scenes.
    Crime · 1888

    Jack the Ripper claims the first of his canonical victims

    Mary Ann Nichols was found dead in Whitechapel, the first of five murders now generally attributed to the killer the press named Jack the Ripper. He was never identified. (Pictured: a contemporary Illustrated Police News front page covering the East End murders that autumn.)

  3. Black and white photograph of a damaged stone church with cracked walls, seen across an overgrown graveyard.
    Disaster · 1886

    Charleston is wrecked by the worst earthquake the eastern United States has recorded

    The Charleston earthquake struck South Carolina at around magnitude 7, killing roughly 60 people and damaging almost every building in the city. It was felt as far away as Boston and Chicago, and remains the most destructive quake ever recorded in the eastern United States.

  4. Side by side oil portraits of two men in high collared dark coats, one dark haired and one red haired.
    Exploration · 1803

    Lewis sets off down the Ohio to begin the expedition west

    Meriwether Lewis left Pittsburgh in a keelboat, the first leg of the expedition he would lead with William Clark to the Pacific and back. They covered roughly 8,000 miles in two and a half years and lost only one man.

  5. Engraving of a dark wooden studio interior where a man operates a large boxy camera pointed at performers lit by daylight.
    Technology · 1897

    Edison patents the movie camera

    Thomas Edison received the patent for the Kinetograph, the first practical motion picture camera. (Pictured: the Black Maria, his tar paper studio in New Jersey, where films were shot in a room that rotated to follow the sun.)