What happened on August 31
All 5 specimens from this file, spanning 1422 to 1897, with the story behind each photograph.
Reveal the full answer key
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Henry V dies, leaving a nine-month-old baby as King of England
Henry V, victor of Agincourt, died of dysentery on campaign in France at 35. The crown passed to his son Henry VI, then nine months old and still the youngest person ever to become King of England.
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Jack the Ripper claims the first of his canonical victims
Mary Ann Nichols was found dead in Whitechapel, the first of five murders now generally attributed to the killer the press named Jack the Ripper. He was never identified. (Pictured: a contemporary Illustrated Police News front page covering the East End murders that autumn.)
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Charleston is wrecked by the worst earthquake the eastern United States has recorded
The Charleston earthquake struck South Carolina at around magnitude 7, killing roughly 60 people and damaging almost every building in the city. It was felt as far away as Boston and Chicago, and remains the most destructive quake ever recorded in the eastern United States.
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Lewis sets off down the Ohio to begin the expedition west
Meriwether Lewis left Pittsburgh in a keelboat, the first leg of the expedition he would lead with William Clark to the Pacific and back. They covered roughly 8,000 miles in two and a half years and lost only one man.
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Edison patents the movie camera
Thomas Edison received the patent for the Kinetograph, the first practical motion picture camera. (Pictured: the Black Maria, his tar paper studio in New Jersey, where films were shot in a room that rotated to follow the sun.)