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FILE NO. 09.22 5 specimens · est. 1791-1961

What happened on September 22?

Real photographs, all filed under this date. Name each event before you read on.
Case Timeline 1791-1961 · 170 years
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What happened on September 22

All 5 specimens from this file, spanning 1791 to 1961, with the story behind each photograph.

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  1. A monochrome painting of a large warship capsizing amid smoke, with lifeboats in the water and two other warships standing by.
    Conflict · 1914

    One submarine sinks three warships in a single hour

    On the morning of 22 September 1914 a single German submarine, U-9, torpedoed the British cruiser Aboukir. The Hogue and Cressy stopped to pick up survivors and were torpedoed in turn. Nearly 1,500 men died. The Royal Navy afterwards forbade large ships from stopping to rescue survivors of a submarine attack.

  2. Two boxers in a ring in a crowded arena, one advancing with his guard up while a referee in a suit watches from the corner.
    Sports · 1927

    A knocked-down champion is saved by a referee who will not start counting

    Jack Dempsey floored Gene Tunney in the seventh round in Chicago on 22 September 1927, then stood over him instead of going to a neutral corner as new rules required. The referee refused to count until Dempsey moved, giving Tunney perhaps five extra seconds. Tunney got up and won. People argued about it for the rest of the century.

  3. A colour photograph of a man in a dark suit addressing a large crowd of young people in a formal garden beside a white colonnaded building.
    Society · 1961

    A president signs a law sending young volunteers to work abroad

    John F. Kennedy signed the Peace Corps Act on 22 September 1961, six months after floating the idea at two in the morning on a university campus during the election campaign. More than 240,000 Americans have served since. The first two groups went to Ghana and Tanganyika.

  4. A painting of a tall man seated at a table reading from a document to a group of seated and standing men in a formal room.
    Politics · 1862

    A president warns that in a hundred days he will free the enemy's slaves

    Five days after Antietam, on 22 September 1862, Lincoln issued the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation: any state still in rebellion on 1 January 1863 would have its slaves declared free. He had been sitting on the draft for two months, waiting for a battlefield success so it would not look like a plea from a losing side.

  5. An engraving of a man demonstrating an experiment at a bench before a packed tiered lecture theatre.
    Science · 1791

    A bookbinder's apprentice is born who will work out how to generate electricity

    Michael Faraday was born on 22 September 1791, the son of a blacksmith, and left school at thirteen. His discovery of electromagnetic induction in 1831 is the principle behind every generator and transformer in use today. He was hopeless at mathematics; Maxwell later wrote his ideas out as equations.