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FILE NO. 09.13 5 specimens · est. 1759-1993

What happened on September 13?

Real photographs, all filed under this date. Name each event before you read on.
Case Timeline 1759-1993 · 234 years
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What happened on September 13

All 5 specimens from this file, spanning 1759 to 1993, with the story behind each photograph.

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  1. Black and white photograph of a human skull beside a long pointed iron rod standing upright on a table.
    Science · 1848

    A railway worker survives an iron bar passing through his head

    An explosion drove a three foot tamping iron through Phineas Gage's skull. He survived 12 more years, but reports that his personality changed made his case foundational to the study of the brain and behaviour.

  2. Colour photograph of two older men shaking hands on a lawn while a third stands between them with arms outstretched.
    Diplomacy · 1993

    A handshake on the White House lawn seals a peace framework

    Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat shook hands as Bill Clinton looked on, marking the Oslo Accords. Rabin was assassinated two years later by an Israeli opposed to the agreement.

  3. Dramatic oil painting of a dying officer in a red coat surrounded by kneeling soldiers on a battlefield.
    Conflict · 1759

    Wolfe and Montcalm both die on the Plains of Abraham

    British forces scaled the cliffs at night and defeated the French on the Plains of Abraham outside Quebec. Both commanders, Wolfe and Montcalm, died of their wounds, and New France was effectively lost.

  4. Black and white portrait of a dark haired man in a tweed jacket seated against a mottled backdrop.
    Literature · 1916

    Roald Dahl, fighter pilot turned children's author, is born

    Roald Dahl was born in Cardiff to Norwegian parents. He flew fighters in the Second World War and wrote for adults before Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and the rest made him one of the best selling children's authors ever.

  5. Colour photograph of a prison yard where large numbers of men sit and lie on wet ground watched by armed officers.
    History · 1971

    A four day prison uprising ends in the bloodiest assault of its kind

    State police retook Attica prison in New York after a four day standoff over conditions. Thirty three prisoners and ten hostages were killed in the assault, nearly all by the retaking force. The fallout drove decades of prison reform argument.